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| Color Doppler Twinkling |
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| Artifact |
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| l | Lee found
twinkling artifact in 83 % of |
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| urinary tract
calculi |
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| l | Kamaya
performed in vitro studies. |
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| Found
appearance of twinkling artifact |
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| highly
dependent on machine settings. |
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| Likely due to
narrow-band, intrinsic |
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| machine noise
called “jitter”. Surface |
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| roughness
broadens noise spectrum, |
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| making
twinkling artifact more |
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| prominent |
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| Lee, et al
AJR 2001; 176: 1441 |
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| Kamaya,
et al AJR 2003; 180:215 |
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