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n |
Degenerative
disease
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n |
Disc desiccation,
bulges and protrusions
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|
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n |
Ligamentum flavum
hypertrophy
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|
|
n |
Facet arthritis
and hypertrophy
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n |
Degenerative
spondylolisthesis (seen in 7% of asx
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patients)
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n |
Osteophytes
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n |
All combine to
cause stenosis of spaces that
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nerve roots pass
through:
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n |
Canal, lateral
recess, neural foramen
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