Pelvic
Trauma
Pelvic
Trauma
Pelvic Fractures
Stable Fractures (2/3)
Solitary ischial ramus fracture
Unilateral fractures —both rami
Iliac wing fracture (Duverny Fracture)
Isolated sacral fracture
Pelvic Fractures
Stable and Unstable
Stable fractures—single breaks in ring
or peripheral fxs (66%)
Result of moderate trauma, e.g. falls
Unstable fractures—fxs of both anterior
and posterior arches (33%)
Result of severe trauma, e.g. MVAs
Stable Pelvic Fractures
Solitary Fractures of
Ischial Ramus
Most common pelvic fracture (40% of
all pelvic fxs)
Most common stable fracture
Usually seen in osteoporotic females
Stable Pelvic Fractures
Unilateral Fractures of
Both Rami
If distracted, look for other pelvic ring
fractures
Stable Pelvic Fractures
Iliac Wing Fracture
-
Duverny Fracture
Due to direct lateral compression
Often associated with paralytic ileus
Can perforate bowel and be open
fracture
Stable Pelvic Fractures
Isolated Sacral Fractures
Usually transversely oriented
Difficult to detect
Lateral view may show angulation
Pelvic Fractures
Unstable Fractures (1/3)
Malgaigne Fracture
Straddle Fracture
Pelvic Dislocation
Bucket Handle Fracture
Unstable Fractures
Malgaigne Fracture
Most common unstable pelvic fracture
(14% of all pelvic fxs)
Vertical shearing involves both anterior
& posterior arches
Results in double vertical fractures
Most commonly through pubic rami and
sacrum
Sacral Fractures
Associated with Other Fxs
Usually vertically oriented
Check symmetry of sacral lines
Unstable Fractures
Straddle Fracture
Bilateral fractures of all pubic rami
Fracture fragments are usually elevated
Associated with urethral and bladder
injuries in 20%
Unstable Fractures
Pelvic Dislocation
Severe trauma
“Sprung Pelvis” usually associated with
GU injury
Normal SI=1-4mm
Normal symphysis=5mm
Unstable Fractures
Bucket Handle Fracture
Fracture of anterior arch and contralateral
posterior arch
Rare
Pelvic Trauma
Urethral Injury
Usually involves membranous or
prostatic urethra
Should be suspected in straddle fracture
or pelvic dislocation
Retrograde urethrogram should be
performed prior to insertion of Foley
Pelvic Trauma
Ruptured Bladder
Should be suspected with straddle
fractures and sprung pelvis
Most common rupture is extraperitoneal
(80%)
Use retrograde cystogram to
demonstrate rupture
Pelvic Trauma
Ruptured Bladder
Extraperitoneal rupture
Contrast will remain adjacent to bladder
Intraperitoneal rupture
Dome is torn and contrast flows freely
Pelvic Trauma
Soft Tissue Clues
Displacement or obliteration of
obturator internus fat plane
Similar findings with iliopsoas and
gluteal fat planes
Pelvic hematomas may displace
bladder or ureters
Iliopubic Line
Anterior Column
Anterior aspect of acetabulum runs
from ilium to pubis
Ilioischial Line
Posterior Column
Posterior aspect of acetabulum runs
from ilium to ischium
Roentgenographic “U”
The Teardrop
“Teardrop” should not be located
medial to ilioischial line
Displacement of “teardrop” may be
sign of occult acetabular fx
Pelvic Trauma
Acetabular Fractures
20% of pelvic fractures involve
acetabulum
CT best way of evaluating acetabular
fxs
Acetabular Fractures
Classification
Posterior rim fracture
Transverse acetabular fracture
Anterior column fracture
Posterior column fracture
Acetabular Fractures
Posterior Rim Fractures
Most common acetabular fx (33%)
Occurs with posterior dislocation of hip
Typically in MVAs with forces through
femoral shaft
Acetabular Fractures
Transverse Acetabular Fractures
Separates innominate bone into two
halves
Look for break in both iliopubic and
ilioischial lines
May be associated with central
dislocation of femoral head
Acetabular Fractures
Anterior Column Fracture
Fracture through iliopubic line
May be associated with central
dislocation of femoral head
Acetabular Fractures
Posterior Column Fracture
-
Walther Fx
Fracture through ilioischial line
May be associated with central
dislocation of femoral head
Pelvic Trauma
Avulsion Fractures
Usually occur in athletic individuals
Ischial tuberosity (hamstrings)
Anterior inferior iliac spine (rectus femoris)
Anterior superior iliac spine (sartorious)
Iliac crest (abdominal muscles)
Avulsion Fractures
Ischial Tuberosity
Occurs at insertion of hamstrings
Usually seen in sprinters, hurdlers,
gymnasts, long jumpers
Looks enlarged when healed
Avulsion Fractures
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Occurs at insertion of rectus femoris
Avulsion Fractures
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Occurs at insertion of sartorious
Avulsion Fractures
Iliac Crest Avulsion Fracture
Occurs at insertion of abdominal muscles
Pelvic Trauma
Complications
Hemorrhage
Usually from laceration of hypogastric
artery
Urinary tract injury
Ruptured urethra or bladder
Pelvic Trauma
Complications
Sacral plexus/sciatic nerve injuries
Especially with fxs of posterior arch
Infection
Retroperitoneal abscess may form in open
fxs
Ruptured Urethra
Classical Triad
Blood on external meatus
Distended bladder
Inability to void